Neurotoxicity of Ecstasy Metabolites in Rat Cortical Neurons, and Influence of Hyperthermia

Biochemical and histological evidence that methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) is toxic to neurons in the rat brain.

Deborah Commins, Georgetta Vosmer, Robert M. Virus et al. · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · 1987 · 454 citations

Metabolism of methylenedioxymethamphetamine: formation of dihydroxymethamphetamine and a quinone identified as its glutathione adduct.

Masayuki Hiramatsu, Yoshito Kumagai, S. E. Unger et al. · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · 1990 · 196 citations

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine induces monoamine release, but not toxicity, when administered centrally at a concentration occurring following a peripherally injected neurotoxic dose

B. Moreno Esteban, Esther O’Shea, Jorge Camarero et al. · Psychopharmacology · 2001 · 181 citations

Substance Abuse, Psychoactive Drug, Addiction +10

Amphetamines induce apoptosis and regulation of bcl‐x splice variants in neocortical neurons

Gabriele Stumm, Jürgen Schlegel, Theo Schäfer et al. · The FASEB Journal · 1999 · 177 citations · Full text

<i>In vivo</i> evidence for free radical involvement in the degeneration of rat brain 5‐HT following administration of MDMA (‘ecstasy’) and <i>p</i>‐chloroamphetamine but not the degeneration following fenfluramine

María Isabel Colado, Esther O’Shea, R Granados et al. · British Journal of Pharmacology · 1997 · 174 citations · Full text