Prevalence of cross‐ or multiple resistance to the acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors fenoxaprop, clodinafop and pinoxaden in black‐grass ( <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> Huds.) in France

Abstract

Pinoxaden resistance was observed before pinoxaden release in France. Only a fraction of the mechanisms endowing fenoxaprop or clodinafop resistance also confer pinoxaden resistance. Pinoxaden resistance was likely mostly selected for by ACCase inhibitors, and, in some cases, possibly by herbicides with other modes of action. This illustrates the necessity to use metabolisable herbicides cautiously where black-grass has evolved non-target-site-based resistance.