Functional Intactness of Stimulatory and Inhibitory Autocrine Loops in Human Renal Carcinoma Cell Lines of the Clear Cell Type

Abstract

Clear cell RCCs exhibit a complex and heterogeneous expression pattern for various growth factors and their receptors. Growth factor secretion and intact signal transduction pathways in most clear cell RCCs facilitate an intricate modulation of RCC growth by autocrine and paracrine interactions between tumor cells and host tissue.