A Phenomenological Theory of Spherulitic Crystallization

TLDR

Multicomponent spherulite‑forming melts exhibit low self‑diffusion, slow crystallization, and a small characteristic length δ comparable to crystalline disorder. The paper aims to explain why fibrous crystal habits arise without temperature gradients and why profuse noncrystallographic branching occurs during spherulitic crystallization from the melt. The study shows that the low diffusion and slow crystallization of these melts cause planar crystal faces to become unstable, producing fibrous bundles whose widths are set by δ = D/G and enabling noncrystallographic branching.

Abstract

To account for spherulitic crystallization from the melt, one must explain the origins (i) of fibrous crystal habits in the absence of appreciable temperature gradients and (ii) of profuse noncrystallographic branching. Attention is drawn to properties held in common by spherulite-forming melts of various types and, in particular, to the facts that (a) they are multicomponent systems, (b) they exhibit small coefficients of self-diffusion, and (c) they crystallize slowly. It is shown that a consequence of these properties is that a plane crystal face cannot grow without suffering an instability of profile. Analagous instabilities lead in metal crystals to a cellular interface but, because of unusual growth kinetics, instability in spherulite-forming melts gives rise to a drastic modification of crystal habit. Bundles of discrete fibers are formed whose widths are determined by δ = D/G, D being the coefficient of self-diffusion and G being the growth rate. δ is generally small in these systems and commensurate with the scale of crystalline disorder in the fibers. It is this circumstance that allows noncrystallographic branching to occur.