Anesthetic Depth Defined Using Multiple Noxious Stimuli during Isoflurane/Oxygen Anesthesia I. Motor Reactions

Abstract

Different stimuli require different isoflurane concentrations to suppress motor responses. Tetanic stimulation and, to some extent, trapezius squeeze are reproducible and noninvasive stimulation patterns that can be used as an alternative to skin incision when evaluating potency of an anesthetic agent. In contrast to skin incision, they can be repeated.