Group influence on individual risk taking.

Abstract

Does group interaction lead to greater conservatism or to greater risk taking in decisions than would obtain were the decisions arrived at individtrally--or is there an averaging effect?This question was investigated with a procedure in which the protagonist in each of 12 everyday life situations must choose between two courses o~action, one of which involves considerably more risk than the other but also is much more rewarding if successful.The S must decide on the lowest level of probability for the success of the risky alternative that he would deem sufficient to warrant its choice.A total of 218 liberal arts university students participated in the study.In the experimental condition, the ~s first arrived at individual decisions concerning each of the 12 situations; then, the~r were brought together in discussion groups of six with the request that they reach a group consensus on each decision; and afterward, they were asked to make all their decisions privately once again.Some £s also made private decisions yet another time two to six ,.reeks later.The group members!judgments of one another's relative degrees of influence and of popularity within the group also were obtained.There were 14 all-male and 14 all-female groups.'In the control condition, Sa made their decisions individually each of two times with one week intervening, under instructions the second time that encouraged them to change rather than simply to recall their earlier decisions.It was found that (1) group decisions exhibit greater risk taking than appears in pre-discussion individual decisions; (2) post-discussion private