Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change.

TLDR

Stigma and discrimination hinder mental‑illness outcomes, and research on controllability attributions has mapped how signaling events, stigma, emotions, and discriminatory behaviors interrelate. This article proposes that an attribution model can advance mental‑health stigma research by examining signaling events, linking controllability attributions to attitudes about dangerousness and self‑care, and exploring how these structures elicit emotional reactions and behavioral responses. The attribution model offers actionable insights for social‑change strategies aimed at reducing mental‑illness stigma and discrimination.

Abstract

The course and outcomes of mental illness are hampered by stigma and discrimination. Research on controllability attributions has mapped the relationships between signaling events, mediating stigma, emotional reactions, and discriminating behavior. In this article, I describe how an attribution model advances research questions related to mental health stigma in three areas. (1) Stigma research needs to examine signaling events related to psychiatric stigma including the label of mental illness, behaviors associated with psychiatric symptoms, and physical appearance. (2) Research into mediating knowledge structures needs to bridge information about controllability attributions with public attitudes about dangerousness and self-care. (3) Ways in which these knowledge structures lead to emotional reactions (pity, anger, and fear) as well as behavioral responses (helping and punishing behaviors) need to be examined. The attribution model has significant implications for social change strategies that seek to decrease mental illness stigma and discrimination.