Hadronic production of heavy-quark bound states

Abstract

We consider the hadronic production of heavy-quark bound states ($Q\overline{Q}$) and also associated production of pairs of hadron containing heavy quarks ($\overline{Q}q+\overline{q}Q$). Calculations of total cross sections and of ${x}_{F}$ spectra are presented for both the $\frac{J}{\ensuremath{\psi}}$ and $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}$. Processes involving fusion of quarks as well as amalgamation of gluons from the beam and target hadrons are important but in both cases the production of ${J}^{\mathrm{PC}}={1}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ bound states proceeds mainly via $P$-wave intermediate states. Processes involving gluons from the initial hadrons dominate at high energies for all beams and targets, and at all energies for proton and ${K}^{+}$ beams where quark fusion cannot proceed using only valence quarks.