Biventricular Pacing Improves the Blunted Force–Frequency Relation Present During Univentricular Pacing in Patients With Heart Failure and Conduction Delay

Abstract

Different modes of ventricular stimulation alter the in vivo force-frequency relation of CHF patients. In contrast to single-site LV and RV pacing, contractile function improves with increasing heart rates during BiV stimulation. This effect may contribute to the enhanced exercise capacity during BiV pacing and could provide a functional benefit over LV-only pacing in patients for whom resynchronization therapy is indicated.