Evaluation of wastewater treatment technologies for rural Egypt

Abstract

Five wastewater treatment facilities, representing the implemented technologies appropriate for local Egyptian conditions, were selected for this study. They are standard stabilization ponds, modified aerated stabilization ponds, submerged fixed film reactor, oxidation ditch and extended aeration package (SOAF) plants. Obtained data indicated that the five technologies under investigation, if probably designed and operated, could yield wastewater effluent satisfying the regularity standards. However, the choice of the appropriate technologies is governed by many factors such as legal status, land availability, ease of operation and maintenance, and capital, operating and maintenance costs.