The official and black (parallel) foreign exchange markets: Causal relationships: Empirical evidence

Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing

Robert F. Engle, C. W. J. Granger · Econometrica · 1987 · 31.9K citations

Social Sciences, Economics, Econometrics +9

Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Methods

Clive W. J. Granger · Econometrica · 1969 · 22.9K citations

Social Sciences, Economics, Causal Inference +8

Market efficiency and cointegration: an application to the sterling and deutschemark exchange markets

Craig S. Hakkio, Mark Rush · Journal of International Money and Finance · 1989 · 418 citations

Social Sciences, Economics, Econometrics +13

The Black Market for Dollars in Brazil

Rüdiger Dornbusch, Daniel Valente Dantas, Clarice Pechman et al. · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · 1983 · 175 citations

Business, Economics, Finance +17

DIFFICULTIES WITH TESTING FOR CAUSATION

Rodney L. Jacobs, Edward E. Leamer, Michael P. Ward · Economic Inquiry · 1979 · 160 citations

Social Sciences, Economics, Causal Inference +14