Heat capacity, saturation vapor pressure, and thermodynamic functions of ethyl esters of C3–C5 and C18 carboxylic acids

Abstract

The heat capacities of ethyl propanoate (EPr), ethyl n-pentanoate (EPen), and ethyl n-octadecanoate (ethyl stearate, ESt) were measured by vacuum adiabatic calorimetry in the temperature range of 6 to 373 K. Triple point temperatures, fusion enthalpies and entropies, and purity of the samples of the sub-stances under study were determined. The saturation vapor pressures for EPr and EPen were determined by comparative ebulliometry in an atmospheric pressure range of 4.0 to 101.7 kPa. The normal boiling points and vaporization enthalpies vs. temperature were obtained. The standard thermodynamic functions (S, H, and G) were calculated for the condensed and ideal gas states on the basis of the experimental data. The vapor pressures of the atmospheric range were extrapolated to entire ranges of the liquid phases of EPr and EPen using the principle of corresponding states and the combined processing of pT parameters and low-temperature differences in the heat capacities of an ideal gas and liquid.