Registration of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> Genetic Stocks with Altered Seed Protein Compositions

Abstract

Thirteen Phaseolus vulgaris L. genetic stocks were developed and released by the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station and the University of Wisconsin: SARC1 (Reg. no. GS-10, PI 628619), SARC2 (Reg. no. GS-11, PI 628620), SARC3 (Reg. no. GS-12, PI 628621), SARC4 (Reg. no. GS-13, PI 628622), PARC1 (Reg. no. GS-14, PI628623), PARC2 (Reg. no. GS-15, PI628624), PARC3 (Reg. no. GS-16, PI 628625), PARC4 (Reg. no. GS-17, PI 628626), SMARC1-PN1 (Reg. no. GS-18, PI 628627), SMARC2-PN1 (Reg. no. GS-19, PI 628628), SMARC4-PN1 (Reg. no. GS-20, PI 628629), SMARC1N-PN1 (Reg. no. GS-21, PI 628630), L12-56 (Reg. no. GS-22, PI 628631). The resistance of some wild bean accessions to seed-feeding bruchid insects [Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) and Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman)] is due to the presence of arcelin, a major seed protein not found in cultivated bean germplasm (Osborn et al., 1988). We introduced the genes for four arcelin variants (Osborn et al., 1986) from four wild accessions (used as donor parents) into the navy bean ‘Sanilac’ (PI 549695, pedigree described in Kelly, 2000; used as recurrent parent) by two generations of backcrossing and three to seven generations of selfing (Hartweck et al., 1991). The four lines (SARC1, SARC2, SARC3, and SARC4) (Table 1) produce white, navy-type bean seeds and are phenotypically similar to Sanilac, except each contains a different arcelin variant (Hartweck et al., 1991). These lines contain the S-type phaseolin seed protein derived from Sanilac and the phytohemagglutinin seed protein type derived from the wild bean parent because of tight linkage between genes for arcelin and phytohemagglutinin (Osborn et al., 1986). The resistance levels of these lines to the two bruchid species ranged from low to high (Table 1), as determined by the percentage adult emergence and days to adult emergence from insect feeding trials (Hartweck and Osborn, 1997). Black-seeded lines containing the four arcelin variants also were developed by crossing the (Sanilac × wild donor) F1s to black-seeded ‘Porriilo 70’ followed by one backcross to Porrillo 70 and six selfing generations (Harmsen, 1989). These lines (PARC1, PARC2, PARC3, and PARC4) (Table 1) produce black seeds and are phenotypically similar to Porrillo 70, except each contains a different arcelin variant (Harmsen, 1989). These lines contain the S-type phaseolin seed protein derived from Porrillo 70 and the phytohemagglutinin seed protein type derived from the wild bean parent. The resistance levels of these lines to the two bruchid species were determined by insect feeding trials (Harmsen, 1989), and similar results were obtained to those of the SARC lines with same arcelin types (Table 1). Plant Introduction number Donor parent† Recurrent parent Percentage recurrent parent genotype‡ Seed protein genotype§ Weight per 100 seeds Resistance to Acanthoscelides obtectus¶ Resistance to Zabrotes subfasciatus¶ The major seed protein, phaseolin, was genetically removed from the SARC lines in an attempt to increase arcelin levels and/or bruchid resistance (Hartweck et al., 1997a). The SARC1, SARC2, and SARC4 lines were crossed to MB11-29, a P. vulgaris line lacking phaseolin because of the introgression of a recessive allele from P. coccineus L. into Sanilac (Burow et al., 1993). The F1s were crossed to L12-56, a P. vulgaris line lacking phytohemagglutinin (and arcelin) because of a recessive allele introgressed from ‘Great Northern 1140’ into Sanilac (Osborn and Bliss, 1985). These progenies were selfed for four generations with selection for the presence of arcelin-1,-2, or -4 and the absence of phaseolin (Hartweck et al., 1997a). The phytohemagglutinin gene is tightly linked to the arcelin gene, so selection for arcelin variants could be preformed by selection of phytohemagglutinin using a simple blood cell agglutination assay. These lines were found to have similar resistance levels to those of the SARC lines with the same arcelin variants, except the SMARC1-PN1 line which had more resistance to A. obtectus than the SARC1 line (Hartweck et al. 1997b) (Table 1). These genetic stocks contain unique seed protein compositions in similar genetic backgrounds (Sanilac or Porrillo 70) and they may be useful for studying the effects of different seed protein compositions, or as parents for breeding bruchid resistant cultivars. They have not been evaluated for nutritional quality; however, another arcelin-1-containing backcross line was tested in rat-feeding trials and found to have less toxicity than the recurrent cultivar parent when tested as raw flour and no toxicity after cooking (Putzai et al., 1993). The seed stocks we deposited in the USDA–ARS National Seed Storage Laboratory (Plant Introduction numbers listed in Table 1) were single plant progenies from the last generation of selfing. Each seed stock was tested for uniformity of seed protein composition by gel electrophoresis. Small samples can be obtained from the corresponding author. The authors thank Nelly Quijada for conducting the last generation seed increase in the greenhouse and seed protein analyses. Support was provided by the Graduate School and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin.