A Steady-State Thermal Performance Model of Fire-Tube Shell Boilers

Abstract

A nonlinear steady-state thermal performance model of a fire-tube shell boiler was developed in the present study. The model consists of two semi-empirical equations for the radiative heat flux from the combustion gas to the boiling water and the heat loss flux from the body surface to the ambient. Using this model, we can simulate the boiler performance under standard conditions and draw standard performance curves from which the thermal performance comparison between different boilers can be made on a common basis.