Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 1987 · 467 citations · 31 references
HistocompatibilityImmunologyPathologyImmunotherapyImmunogeneticsAutoantibodiesAntibody EngineeringAnti-dna AutoantibodiesMonoclonal Anti-dna AntibodiesNumerous Somatic MutationsAutoimmune DiseaseHuman Leukocyte AntigenAllergyAutoimmunityAutoimmune ResearchImmunologic DiseaseAntibody ScreeningCell BiologyMolecular ImmunologyDna BindingAutoantibody ProductionImmunoglobulin EMedicineSingle Autoimmune Mouse
Four monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies derived from a single autoimmune MRL/lpr mouse were studied. Three of these antibodies showed similarities in DNA binding; the fourth had a much higher specific activity for single-stranded DNA and, in addition, was unique in binding double-stranded DNA and cardiolipin. Complete nucleotide sequences of heavy- and light-chain variable regions demonstrated that all four antibodies are clonally related. The sequences also showed numerous somatic mutations, the distribution of which suggests that positive selection by antigen operated on these clonally related autoantibodies.
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Amino Acid Difference Formula to Help Explain Protein Evolution
Richard Grantham · Science · 1974 · 2.4K citations
Explain Protein Evolution, Protein Chemistry, Biochemistry +12