Fatigue and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Instruments

Abstract

Shape memory alloys are increasingly used in superelastic conditions under complex cyclic deformation situations. In these applications, it is very difficult to predict the service life based on the theoretical law. In the present work, fatigue properties of NiTi engine-driven rotary files have been characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical testing (bending). The DSC technique was used to measure precise transformation. The degree of deformation by bending was studied with combined DSC and mechanical property measurements. In these cold-worked files, the high dislocation density influences the reorientation processes and the crack growth. Some thermal treatments are involved in promoting some changes in the mechanical properties and transformation characteristics. Annealing around 400°C shows good results; the recovery allows a compromise between an adequate density for the R-Phase germination and a low density to limit the brittleness of these instruments. In clinical usage, it is important to consider different canal shapes. It could be proposed that only few cycles of use is safe for very curved canals but to follow the manufacturer’s advise for straight canals. Shape memory alloys are increasingly used in superelastic conditions under complex cyclic deformation situations. In these applications, it is very difficult to predict the service life based on the theoretical law. In the present work, fatigue properties of NiTi engine-driven rotary files have been characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical testing (bending). The DSC technique was used to measure precise transformation. The degree of deformation by bending was studied with combined DSC and mechanical property measurements. In these cold-worked files, the high dislocation density influences the reorientation processes and the crack growth. Some thermal treatments are involved in promoting some changes in the mechanical properties and transformation characteristics. Annealing around 400°C shows good results; the recovery allows a compromise between an adequate density for the R-Phase germination and a low density to limit the brittleness of these instruments. In clinical usage, it is important to consider different canal shapes. It could be proposed that only few cycles of use is safe for very curved canals but to follow the manufacturer’s advise for straight canals.