Formal mode of statistical inference for causal effects

The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects

Paul R. Rosenbaum, Donald B. Rubin · Biometrika · 1983 · 31K citations · Full text

Public Health, Biostatistics, Causal Inference +16

Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies.

Donald B. Rubin · Journal of Educational Psychology · 1974 · 9.5K citations · Full text

Public Health, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +13

Statistics and Causal Inference

Paul W. Holland · Journal of the American Statistical Association · 1986 · 5.1K citations

Public Health, Biostatistics, Economics +14

Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The Role of Randomization

Donald B. Rubin · The Annals of Statistics · 1978 · 2.5K citations · Full text

Natural Sciences, Biostatistics, Experimental Design +15

Experimental designs, 2nd ed.

William G. Cochran, Gertrude M. Cox · 1957 · 1.7K citations

Public Health, Psychology, Experimental Design +10