Economic Systems Research · 1997 · 448 citations · 9 references
EngineeringBuilding ScienceSystems EngineeringEnergy ManagementEnergy SystemsSystems AnalysisBuilding Energy ModelingBuilding Energy PerformanceBuilding Energy SystemsEnergy System ModelingEnergy UseInput-output AnalysisEmbodied Energy AnalysisEnergy AnalysisEnergy Use AnalysisHybrid AnalysisLeontief Input-output ModelLeontief InverseSystem Boundary CompletenessWhole-building Energy Analysis
Embodied energy encompasses all energy used to support a process, yet the Leontief inverse input–output matrix, while providing practically complete results, suffers from unreliable assumptions, and process analysis, though accurate within its boundary, remains incomplete compared to pure IO, leading to hybrid approaches that still face significant boundary limitations. The study explores using embodied energy paths as a foundation for a hybrid analysis of the Australian residential building sector. The authors developed an IO‑based hybrid technique that extracts specific paths from the direct IO matrix. The analysis shows that less than 75 % of the sector’s total embodied energy can be validated due to the complexity of the energy paths.
Embodied energy is defined as the energy consumed in all activities necessary to support a process, including upstream processes. The Leontief inverse input–output (IO) matrix gives results that are practically complete, because of the aggregation of direct and indirect requirements, but which are also unreliable, because of inherent assumptions. Although accurate for the system boundary considered, process analysis results are incomplete relative to the pure IO system boundary. Attempts to combine process and IO analysis tend to be based on process analysis data. The system boundary is still significantly incomplete—although not as incomplete as for pure process analysis. An IO-based hybrid analysis technique that requires the extraction of particular paths from the direct IO matrix has been developed. The potential for embodied energy paths to be used as the basis for a hybrid analysis of the Australian residential building sector is discussed. The results indicate that less than three-quarters of the total embodied energy of this sector is likely to be able to be validated, because of the complexity of the embodied energy paths.
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P. Nørregaard Rasmussen, Wassily Leontief, P. Nørregaard Rasmussen · The Swedish Journal of Economics · 1967 · 1.1K citations
Clark W. Bullard, Peter Penner, David A. Pilati · Resources and Energy · 1978 · 535 citations