Why not cut pay?

TLDR

The study aimed to understand why wages and salaries declined in only a few firms during the early 1990s recession in the Northeast United States. The authors conducted interviews with over 300 business people, labor leaders, consultants, and counselors of unemployed individuals. Employers avoided pay cuts during the recession because they feared morale loss would reduce productivity and harm hiring, and layoffs were deemed less damaging; pay cuts were not a viable alternative, and the data did not support wage rigidity theories except those emphasizing morale.

Abstract

I interviewed over 300 business people, labor leaders, business consultants, and counselors of unemployed people, all in the Northeast of the United States, during the recession of the early 1990's in order to learn why wages and salaries declined in only a few firms. Employers were reluctant to cut pay because they believed doing so would hurt employee morale, leading to lower productivity and current or future difficulties with hiring and retention. It was thought that these effects would in the end cost more than the savings from lower pay. There were few indications that unemployed people had excessive wage expectations. On the contrary, many unemployed were too flexible and found themselves rejected by firms as overqualified. In most companies, pay cuts were not a useful alternative to layoffs, because pay cuts would not make it worthwhile to retain many employees and because layoffs harmed morale less than would pay cuts. The findings support none of the theories of wage rigidity except those of Solow and Akerlof that emphasize morale.