Ratings of self and peers on sex role attributes and their relation to self-esteem and conceptions of masculinity and femininity.

TLDR

Participants (248 men, 282 women) completed a 55‑item Personal Attributes Questionnaire to rate themselves on male‑valued, female‑valued, and sex‑specific traits, and also completed the Attitudes Toward Women Scale and a social self‑esteem measure. Correlations between self‑ratings and stereotype or Attitudes Toward Women scores were weak, indicating sex‑role expectations do not distort self‑concepts, while femininity and masculinity scores were positively correlated and both related to self‑esteem, supporting a duality view of masculinity and femininity.

Abstract

Male (N = 248) and female (N = 282) subjects were given the Personal Attributes Questionnaire consisting of 55 bipolar attributes drawn from the Sex Role Stereotype Questionnaire by Rosenkrantz, Vogel, Bee, Broverman, and Broverman and were asked to rate themselves and then to compare directly the typical male and female college student. Self-ratings were divided into male-valued (stereotypically masculine attributes judged more desirable for both sexes), female-valued, and sex-specific items. Also administered was the Attitudes Toward Women Scale and a measure of social self-esteem. Correlations of the self-ratings with stereotype scores and the Attitudes Toward Women Scale were low in magnitude, suggesting that sex role expectations do not distort self-concepts. For both men and women, "femininity" on the female-valued self items and "masculinity" on the male-valued items were positively correlated, and both significantly related to self-esteem. The implications of the results for a concept of masculinity and femininity as a duality, characteristic of all individuals, and the use of the self-rating scales for measuring masculinity, femininity, and androgyny were discussed.