International Journal of Energy Research · 2009 · 145 citations · 40 references
Natural SciencesMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceElectrochemical EngineeringEnergy MaterialsNanomaterialsElectrolyte MaterialsInorganic MaterialsIon-conducting MaterialsIonic ConductivityIonic ConductorsNanocompositesConductionConductivityElectrolyte InterfacesIonic ConductionSolid Oxide Electrolyte MaterialsSolid Oxide Fuel Cell MaterialsSolid Oxide Fuel CellsSuperionic Conductors
Solid oxide fuel cells rely on oxygen ion conductors, but conventional yttrium‑stabilized zirconia electrolytes require >1000 °C, limiting commercialization; nanotechnology offers promise to lower operating temperatures. The study aims to design and develop low‑temperature SOFC electrolytes by reviewing existing materials and identifying the need for new nanocomposite approaches. The authors propose two‑phase nanocomposites with engineered interfaces that act as ion highways to achieve superionic conduction. Optimizing interphase structures in these nanocomposites enhances conductivity and SOFC performance at 300–600 °C. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The classical (over 100 years) oxygen ion conductor and theory for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have met critical challenges, which are caused by the electrolyte material, the heart of the SOFC. Ionic conductivity of 0.1 S cm−1 as a basic requirement limits conventional SOFC electrolyte material, yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) functioning at ca. 1000°C. Such high temperature prevents SOFC technology from commercialization. Design and development of materials functioning at low temperatures are therefore a critical challenge. State of the art of the nanotechnology remarks a great potential for SOFCs. Through a review of typical SOFC electrolyte materials and analysis of the ionic conduction theory as well as constrains and disadvantages in single-phase materials, the need for design, development and theory of new materials are obvious. Our approach is to design and develop two-phase materials and functionalities at interfaces between the constituent phases in nanotech-based composites, that is nanocomposites. The nano- and composite technologies can realize superionic conduction by constructing the interfaces as 'ion highways'. Manipulation of the interphases of the nanocomposites can overcome SOFC challenges and thus enhance and improve material conductivity and FC performance at significantly lower temperatures (300–600°C). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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