Dynamics and stability of thin liquid films

TLDR

Thin liquid film dynamics generate familiar wave patterns, dewetting droplets, and fingering flows, and are relevant across scales in engineering, geophysics, and biophysics, prompting extensive experimental, analytical, and numerical research. This paper reviews recent advances in thin film science and identifies open problems and promising research directions. The authors synthesize experimental, analytical, and numerical studies of dewetting, thermocapillary, surfactant-driven, falling, structured-substrate, evaporating, and electrically manipulated films to provide a comprehensive overview.

Abstract

The dynamics and stability of thin liquid films have fascinated scientists over many decades: the observations of regular wave patterns in film flows down a windowpane or along guttering, the patterning of dewetting droplets, and the fingering of viscous flows down a slope are all examples that are familiar in daily life. Thin film flows occur over a wide range of length scales and are central to numerous areas of engineering, geophysics, and biophysics; these include nanofluidics and microfluidics, coating flows, intensive processing, lava flows, dynamics of continental ice sheets, tear-film rupture, and surfactant replacement therapy. These flows have attracted considerable attention in the literature, which have resulted in many significant developments in experimental, analytical, and numerical research in this area. These include advances in understanding dewetting, thermocapillary- and surfactant-driven films, falling films and films flowing over structured, compliant, and rapidly rotating substrates, and evaporating films as well as those manipulated via use of electric fields to produce nanoscale patterns. These developments are reviewed in this paper and open problems and exciting research avenues in this thriving area of fluid mechanics are also highlighted.