The Effect Of Drag Reducing Additives On Fluid Flows And Their Industrial Applications Part 2: Present Applications And Future Proposals*

Abstract

This state of-the-art review is published in two parts: Part 1 has already appeared and deals with basic aspects of the subject, while this part sets out details of specific drag reduction applications. These include oil pipelines, oil well fracturing, sewers, open channels, hydropower penstocks and culverts, the hydrotransport of pulverised solids, the effect of drag reducing additives on fluid machinery, marine applications, their use in heating systems, firefighting and jet cutting. The preparation and injection of polymer solutions, the economics of their use, their degradation in flow and the pollution implications of their release into water courses are aslo covered. Wherever possible field test results are included and discussed. The bibliography contains 154 references to published material.