Bénard–Marangoni convection with a deformable interface and poorly conducting boundaries

Abstract

Dispersion relations and threshold values for the onset of buoyancy–thermocapillary instability are given for the case of prescribed heat flux on the boundaries of a liquid layer heated from below when the upper boundary is a deformable surface open to the ambient air. The nonlinear evolution equations of this free surface under various circumstances are also provided (without and with buoyancy, for microgravity or standard ground conditions).