Intraductal extension of primary invasive breast carcinoma treated by breast conservative surgery. Computer graphic three-dimensional reconstruction of the mammary duct-lobular systems

Abstract

Three-dimensional reconstruction images of intraductal extension of invasive breast carcinomas are presented for the first time to the authors' knowledge. Examples of ductal anastomoses were observed, and should be considered as a risk factor for possible widespread intraductal extension through multiple mammary duct-lobular systems.