Indigo carmine chromoendoscopic appearances of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma during double-balloon endoscopy in a patient with celiac disease

Abstract

Patients with celiac disease have a 28-fold increased risk of developing enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma compared with the general population [1]. Early diagnosis is therefore required to improve their prospects. Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy highlights mucosal irregularities and improves the detection of malignant lesions [2]. Furthermore, it can delineate villous atrophy in celiac disease [3]. This method is commonly used in upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy but this is not yet the case in small-intestinal endoscopy. In this report we describe the chromoendoscopic appearances of jejunal enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, before and after indigo carmine spraying, in a patient who was undergoing a double-balloon endoscopy procedure.