Search for a Material with Temperature-Independent Piezoelectric Constant d₃₁ in Nb-Modified Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ Ceramics

Abstract

Investigations were made regarding the temperature characteristics of the piezoelectric constant d 31 of Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 ceramics. The composition, Pb 1- x /2 (Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 ) 1- x Nb x O 3 , was exclusively used, and the amount of Nb, x , was controlled in detail. The specimen near x =0.012 was found to have a temperature-independent value of d 31 over the temperature range between 20°C and 180°C.