Spatially resolved measurements of hyperpolarized gas properties in the lung in vivo. Part I: Diffusion coefficient

TLDR

The diffusion coefficient of hyperpolarized noble gases is critical for contrast and pulse‑sequence design in gas imaging. Diffusion coefficient maps of ³He and ¹²⁹Xe in guinea‑pig lungs show tracheal values near free‑gas predictions, reduced perpendicular and distal values indicating restriction, with ¹²⁹Xe exhibiting comparable reductions. Published in Magn Reson Med 42:721–728, 1999; © 1999 Wiley‑Liss, Inc.

Abstract

In imaging of hyperpolarized noble gases, a knowledge of the diffusion coefficient (D) is important both as a contrast mechanism and in the design of pulse sequences. We have made diffusion coefficient maps of both hyperpolarized 3He and 129Xe in guinea pig lungs. Along the length of the trachea, 3He D values were on average 2.4 cm2/sec, closely reproducing calculated values for free gas (2.05 cm2/sec). The 3He D values measured perpendicular to the length of the trachea were approximately a factor of two less, indicating restriction to diffusion. Further evidence of restricted diffusion was seen in the distal pulmonary airspaces as the average 3He D was 0.16 cm2/sec. An additional cause for the smaller 3He D in the lung was due to the presence of air, which is composed of heavier and larger gases. The 129Xe results show similar trends, with the trachea D averaging 0.068 cm2/sec and the lung D averaging 0.021 cm2/sec. Magn Reson Med 42:721–728, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.