Diverse cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the high humus, alkaline-saline chinampa soils

Abstract

Aiming at learning the functional bacterial community in the high humus content, saline-alkaline soils of chinampas, the cellulolytic bacteria were quantified and 100 bacterial isolates were isolated and characterized in the present study. Analysis of 16S-23S IGS (intergenic spacer) RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) grouped the isolates into 48 IGS types and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes identified them into 42 phylospecies within 29 genera and higher taxa belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, dominated by the genera Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Among these bacteria, 63 isolates represent 26 novel putative species or higher taxa, while 37 were members of 17 defined species according to the phylogenetic relationships of 16S rRNA gene. Except for the novel species, the cellulolytic activity was not reported previously in 9 of the 17 species. They degraded cellulose in medium at pH 4.5–10.0 or supplied with NaCl up to 9 %. In addition, 84.8 and 71.7 % of them degraded xylan and Avicel, respectively. These results greatly improved the knowledge about the diversity of cellulolytic bacteria and demonstrated that the chinampa soils contain diverse and novel cellulolytic bacteria functioning at a wide range of pH and salinity levels, which might be a valuable biotechnological resource for biotransformation of cellulose.