Journal of Fluid Mechanics · 1981 · 865 citations · 17 references
Natural SciencesPhysicsFlow VisualizationFluid DynamicsFluid MechanicsBubble DynamicsBubbly FlowLaminar FlowTurbulenceUnsteady Flow VisualizationViscous FlowBubble Rise DynamicsBubble Rise VelocityDrag CoefficientFlow Field VisualizationReynolds NumberReynolds Number EffectsShapeViscous Effects On Bubbles
The authors visualized the flow around rising bubbles using hydrogen bubble tracers and a synchronized cine camera to capture streamlines. The study quantified bubble shapes and terminal velocities in viscous liquids, showing that for Morton numbers above 4 × 10⁻³ the drag coefficient and shape depend solely on Reynolds number, with closed laminar toroidal wakes at R < 110 and open unsteady wakes at R > 110, and correlating shape regimes and rise velocities across 7.4 × 10⁻⁴ < M < 850 and R < 150.
The shapes and terminal velocities of bubbles rising in viscous liquids have been determined. For Morton numbers (M) greater than 4 × 10−3 the drag coefficient and dimensionless bubble shape are functions only of Reynolds number (R). Shape regimes and terminal rise velocities have been correlated. The flow field around a rising bubble was visualized through the hydrogen bubble tracer technique. For M > 4 × 10−3 and R < 110 the bubbles trailed closed, laminar toroidal wakes. For R > 110 the wake was open and unsteady. Streamlines for the flow were obtained by raising a ciné camera at the same speed as the bubble and filming the H2 tracer bubbles. Results are presented for R < 150 and 7·4 × 10−4 < M < 850.
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The boundary layer on a spherical gas bubble
Dennis W. Moore · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · 1963 · 499 citations
Spherical cap bubbles and skirt formation
J. G. Hnat, J. Buckmaster · The Physics of Fluids · 1976 · 164 citations