Biodegradation behavior of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and their blend under soil conditions

TLDR

The study mixed PLA and PBAT at a 40:60 ratio, extruded granules, cast films, buried them in soil, and periodically retrieved samples for SEM, DSC, TGA, IR, and elemental analysis. Analysis revealed that PBAT and PLA degrade through distinct mechanisms, the blend exhibits different degradation rates than the individual polymers, and post‑degradation elemental shifts (↓C, ↑O) confirm material breakdown.

Abstract

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were mixed at a ratio of 40:60, extruded to form granules and cast into film; then, the PLA, PBAT, and PBAT/PLA film samples were buried in real soil environments. The residual degraded samples were taken regularly from the soil and analyzed by SEM , DSC , TGA, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis . The analyses showed that PBAT and PLA had different biodegradation mechanisms. Further, the melting temperature and the melting point change of the various components in the PBAT/PLA blend before and after the biodegradation essentially followed the process of the changes in the respective single polymers. After biodegradation, the carbon atom content in the molecular structure of the PBAT, PLA, and PBAT/PLA samples decreased, while the oxygen atom content increased, indicating that the samples indeed degraded. The biodegradation rates of PBAT and PLA in the PBAT/PLA blend were not the same as those for the single materials.