Further Development of the k-? (Enstrophy) Turbulence Closure Model

Abstract

The k‐‡ model is extended to the study of two-dimensional and three-dimensional separated external e ows where Morkovin’ s hypothesis is expected to hold. The resulting model is free of damping and wall functions and is coordinate independent. Further, all modeled correlations are tensorially consistent and Galilean invariant. Applications include a variety of separated e ows over airfoils and a cylinder/offset e are juncture. Comparisons are made with other turbulence models and experiment. In general, good agreement with experiment is indicated. The results demonstrate that it is possible to develop a two-equation turbulence model that is capable of predicting separated e ows without sacrie cing performance for free shear layers.