Temperature and Bias Characteristics of Pb(Zr-Ti)O₃ Families Ceramics

Abstract

Temperature and bias characteristics of ceramics of Pb(Zr-Ti)O 3 and its families have been measured. Bias dependence can be understood with a schematic model on the reorientations of 180° and 90° domains. Dielectric and elastic anisotropies of the single crystal are expected to be larger in the rhombohedral phase than in the tetragonal one. Temperature dependence under fixed biases have led to a supposition that ε 11 and s 11 are more temperature dependent than ε 33 and s 33 , respectively. Physical constants of ceramics are not single-valued functions of polarization P * . This fact will support Marutake's criticism on the thermodynamic treatments of ceramics formerly reported. A trial of dividing P * into the increment P 180 * caused by 180°-reversals and that P 90 * by 90°-rotations make it possible to understand behaviors of piezoelectric constants d 31 * , g 31 * and coupling coefficient k r * versus P * . Constants d 31 * and k r * do not represent the degree of poling, and g 31 * will be recommended as its practical measure.