The two “hit” and multiple “hit” theories of carcinogenesis.

A Two-stage Theory of Carcinogenesis in Relation to the Age Distribution of Human Cancer

P. Armitage, Ronald J. Doll · British Journal of Cancer · 1957 · 559 citations · Full text

Two-stage Theory, Malignant Disease, Medicine +11

Multiple-Mutation Theory of Carcinogenesis

John C. Fisher · Nature · 1958 · 161 citations

Genetics, Somatic Variant, Multiple-mutation Theory +1

Immunological Differences Between Normal and Malignant Cells

R. C. Nairn, H. G. Richmond, M. G. McEntegart et al. · BMJ · 1960 · 98 citations · Full text

Asthma, Allergy, Malignant Disease +15

Cohort Analysis of Cancer Mortality in England and Wales, 1911-1954 by Site and Sex

R. A. M. Case · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · 1956 · 58 citations · Full text

Cancer Epidemiology, Medicine, Epidemiology Of Cancer +7

A Study of the Age Curve for Cancer of the Stomach in Connection with a Theory of the Cancer Producing Mechanism

Percy Stocks · British Journal of Cancer · 1953 · 58 citations · Full text

Esophageal Cancer, Medicine, Epidemiology Of Cancer +7