Control of Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Performance by Block‐Copolymer‐Directed TiO₂ Synthesis

Abstract

Abstract Hybrid dye‐sensitized solar cells are typically composed of mesoporous titania (TiO 2 ), light‐harvesting dyes, and organic molecular hole‐transporters. Correctly matching the electronic properties of the materials is critical to ensure efficient device operation. In this study, TiO 2 is synthesized in a well‐defined morphological confinement that arises from the self‐assembly of a diblock copolymer—poly(isoprene‐ b ‐ethylene oxide) (PI‐ b ‐PEO). The crystallization environment, tuned by the inorganic (TiO 2 mass) to organic (polymer) ratio, is shown to be a decisive factor in determining the distribution of sub‐bandgap electronic states and the associated electronic function in solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells. Interestingly, the tuning of the sub‐bandgap states does not appear to strongly influence the charge transport and recombination in the devices. However, increasing the depth and breadth of the density of sub‐bandgap states correlates well with an increase in photocurrent generation, suggesting that a high density of these sub‐bandgap states is critical for efficient photo‐induced electron transfer and charge separation.