Empirical global model of upper thermosphere winds based on Atmosphere and Dynamics Explorer satellite data

Abstract

Thermospheric wind data obtained from the Atmosphere Explorer E and Dynamics Explorer 2 satellites have been used to generate an empirical wind model for the upper thermosphere, analogous to the MSIS model for temperature and density, using a limited set of vector spherical harmonics. The model is limited to above approximately 220 km where the data coverage is best and wind variations with height are reduced by viscosity. The data base is not adequate to detect solar cycle (F10.7) effects at this time but does include magnetic activity effects. Mid‐ and low‐latitude data are reproduced quite well by the model and compare favorably with published ground‐based results. The polar vortices are present, but not to full detail.