Screening of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in general population on world kidney day on three consecutive years: A single day data

Abstract

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. There is now convincing evidence that CKD can be detected using simple laboratory tests, and that treatment can prevent or delay complications of decreased kidney function, slow the progression of kidney disease and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, screening for CKD is accepted practice only in patients with hypertension or diabetes, but more widespread screening is increasingly proposed. We screened a sample of population on World Kidney Day on three consecutive years for detecting patients with CKD and to describe the natural course of the disease. Materials and Methods: Everyone aged 18 was invited to participate. The study population was general population from Varanasi were screened in OPAL hospital. The survey comprised an extensive questionnaire and a brief clinical examination, including analysis of serum creatinine concentration in all participants. We screened all the participants who had at least one risk factor for CKD (including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or a family history of CKD). Urine dipstick tests were done and blood sample was obtained to detect proteinuria and measure serum creatinine concentration, respectively. Results: A total of 547 participants were enrolled of which all 547 subjects were included in the analyses. The mean serum creatinine was 0.9525 mg/dL (0.900 to 1.0050). A high serum creatinine level was demonstrated in 16 participants (2.92 %), and 191 (34.91 %) were demonstrated to have proteinuria. There was a signifi cant correlation between CKD and age, DM, urine protein and serum creatinine. There was no signifi cant correlation between serum creatinine level and urinary protein excretion (P = .001). There were no signifi cant differences between CKD and gender. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that increasing age, diabetes mellitus, Serum creatinine and urinary protein were found signifi cantly related to kidney disease with P value of 0.02, 0.0006, <0.0001, 0.0002, respectively, which means that there is a chance for the aged, diabetes patients and patients with elevated serum creatinine and urine protein to suffer with kidney disease with respect to the younger subject.