Epicardial versus Transvenous Left Ventricular Lead Placement in Patients Receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Results from a Randomized Prospective Study

Abstract

Both epicardial and transvenous LV-lead placement for CRT therapy are safe and effective. The transvenous approach is less invasive and should be considered the standard procedure for patients without renal insufficiency. However, in a case of difficult coronary venous anatomy with the inability to position the lead as desired, epicardial LV-lead placement remains an alternative option.