Journal of Clinical Psychology · 1991 · 109 citations · 21 references
Memory RetrievalAuditory TrainingAgingElderly SubjectsSpeech Sound DisorderCognitionRetrieval ComponentsAge GroupsSocial SciencesPsychologyMemoryCognitive ScienceGeriatricsRehabilitationHuman HearingHearing LossSpeechlanguage PathologyMnemonicMemory LossDementiaMemory AssessmentSpeech PerceptionMedicine
The study examined how age affects encoding, retention, and retrieval in 156 healthy elderly participants aged 57–85 divided into four age groups. Memory was assessed using the Rey Auditory‑Verbal Learning Test, comprising five free‑recall trials, a post‑interference recall, and a recognition trial. While recall differed across age groups on all five learning trials, learning, forgetting, and recognition rates, as well as primacy/recency effects, were similar, indicating that aging impairs retrieval but not encoding or retention.
This study explored effect of age on encoding, retention, and retrieval components of memory functioning in a sample of 156 healthy, elderly subjects between the ages of 57 and 85, partitioned into four age groups. Memory assessment was based on subjects' performance on the RAVLT, which consisted of five free-recall trials, recall after interference, and recognition trial. Significant group differences in recall were found on all five learning trials, whereas rates of learning, forgetting, and recognition did not differ for four age groups. In addition, primacy/recency effect was equally strong for all groups. Results suggest faulty retrieval mechanisms, whereas encoding and retention processes did not prove to be affected by aging.
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Handbook of the Psychology of Aging
S. C. Howell · The Gerontologist · 1978 · 1.9K citations
Memory Complaint and Impairment in the Aged
Robert L. Kahn · Archives of General Psychiatry · 1975 · 364 citations