Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · 2000 · 134 citations · 8 references
Health ProfessionsOrthopaedic SurgeryOrthopedic SurgeryAnkle PathologyFoot AnatomyFoot PathologyFoot BiomechanicsFoot DisordersFoot HealthFoot InjuriesFootwear DesignFootwear ManagementFoot MorphologyFootwear BiomechanicsFootwear ProtectionForefoot DisordersForefoot PathologyHeel GeometryShoe Fit Evaluation
Females are different from males in structure and biomechanics. The foot in the female tends to have a narrower heel in relationship to the forefoot and overall is narrower than a man's foot relative to length. Females tend to pronate their feet more and have smaller Achilles tendons than males, both factors having implications for shoe fit. Although shoes have been worn for thousands of years for the main purpose of protecting feet from the environment, recent studies have implicated shoes as the principal cause of forefoot disorders seen in females. Several authors have reported the harmful effects of shoewear and the greatest factor is a shoe that is improperly fit. With respect to foot disorders in the female, the current study will explore anatomy, biomechanics, common forefoot disorders, and shoewear through the ages, athletic shoewear, and a toe strengthening program.
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American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Women's Shoe Survey
Carol Frey, Francesca M. Thompson, Judith W. Smith et al. · Foot & Ankle · 1993 · 186 citations
Health Professions, Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery +14