Adfreeze strength of frozen sand to model piles

Abstract

Laboratory measurements of adfreeze strength of Ottawa fine sand to three different types of model piles under constant rates of loading are reported in this paper. Adfreeze strength, [Formula: see text] f , at peak load increased with increasing loading rate (i.e., rate of displacement of cross-head of the testing machine), İ, and followed a power law[Formula: see text]The maximum adfreeze bond strength developed with uncoated wood piles (B.C. fir and spruce). Concrete piles developed adfreeze bond strengths lower than wood but higher than steel and coated piles. Coatings (creosote, paint, etc.) reduced adfreeze bond strength considerably. In decreasing order of adfreeze bond strength, the piles rated as follows: uncoated B.C. fir, uncoated spruce, concrete, unpainted steel cylindrical and H-sections, creosoted B.C. fir, and, finally, painted steel pipe.