Cardiac Autonomic Control in Patients with Refractory Epilepsy before and during Vagus Nerve Stimulation Treatment: A One‐Year Follow‐up Study

Abstract

HR variability was reduced, and the nocturnal increase in HR variability was not present in patients with refractory epilepsy. One-year treatment with VNS did not have a marked effect on HR variability, suggesting that impaired cardiovascular autonomic regulation is associated with the epileptic process itself rather than with recurrent seizures.