Conceptualizing and Measuring Wisdom: A Reply to Ardelt

Abstract

The authors reply to Ardelt's comment on their paper (Ardelt, 2010, Experimental Aging Research, 37, 142–156) comparing the 3D-WS and SAWS and discuss the SAWS relative to cognition, critical life experiences, and their use of subscale scores as predictors of forgiveness and well-being. The authors further discuss the nature of the SAWS subscales based upon input by a panel of wisdom experts.