Sequential Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Transforming Growth Factor β in Arterial Elastocalcinosis

Abstract

Early MMP-9 activation precedes the increase of TGF-beta signaling, and overt vascular elastocalcinosis and stiffness. Modulation of matrix degradation could represent a novel therapeutic avenue to prevent the gradual age-related stiffening of large arteries, leading to isolated systolic hypertension.