Continuous hydrocarbon accumulation over a large area as a distinguishing characteristic of unconventional petroleum: The Ordos Basin, North-Central China

TLDR

Petroleum exploration is shifting from conventional to unconventional resources, which feature coexisting source–reservoir systems, ultra‑low porosity/permeability, widespread nano‑pore throats, continuous distribution without clear trap boundaries, and poor phase separation. The study aims to investigate the potential of unconventional petroleum resources, positioning such research at the forefront of future petroleum geology development.

Abstract

Global petroleum exploration is currently undergoing a strategic shift from conventional to unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Unconventional hydrocarbons in tight reservoirs show characteristics distinct from those of conventional hydrocarbon sources hosted in structural and stratigraphic traps. The characteristic features include the following: a hydrocarbon source and reservoir coexist; porosity and permeability are ultra-low; nano-pore throats are widely distributed; hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir bodies are continuously distributed; there is no obvious trap boundary; buoyancy and hydrodynamics have only a minor effect, and Darcy's law does not apply; phase separation is poor; there is no uniform oil–gas–water interface or pressure system; and oil or gas saturation varies. Examples of unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations are the Mesozoic tight sandstone oil province and the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone gas province in the Ordos Basin, north-central China. Generally, continuous hydrocarbon accumulation over a large area is a distinguishing characteristic of unconventional hydrocarbon sources. Because of the great potential of unconventional petroleum resources, it is believed that research on such resources will be at the forefront of the future development of petroleum geology.