Expression of clock genes <i>Per1</i> and <i>Bmal1</i> in total leukocytes in health and Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

These results suggest that a peripheral molecular clock, as reflected in the dampened expression of the clock genes BMAL1 in total leukocytes, is altered in PD patients. In addition, the relative BMAL1 levels correlate positively with PD severity, which could provide a molecular basis to help monitor disease progression and response to investigational drugs.