Fetal echocardiography: <i>z</i>‐score reference ranges for a large patient population

Abstract

Development of reliable z-scores is possible for common fetal echocardiographic parameters by applying statistical methods that are based on a large sample size and weighted regression of absolute residuals in order to minimize the effect of heteroscedasticity. These normative ranges should be especially useful for the detection and monitoring of suspected fetal cardiac size and growth abnormalities.