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Unpredictable bias when using the missing indicator method or complete case analysis for missing confounder values: an empirical example

Bias DetectionBehavioral SciencesSelection BiasBehavioral Decision MakingUnpredictable BiasBiasTreatment EffectExperimental EconomicsBusinessCognitive Bias MitigationIndicator MethodComplete Case AnalysisPublic HealthUnconscious BiasDecision TheoryStatisticsCausal InferenceBehavioral Economics