Increased expression of transforming growth factor-β and eosinophil infiltration is associated with the development of transplant arteriosclerosis in long-term surviving cardiac allografts

Abstract

Treatment protocols for the induction of long-term allograft survival can differ substantially in the extent and kinetics of transplant arteriosclerosis. IL-4 and TGF-beta1 may be two potential therapeutic targets to attenuate the development of transplant arteriosclerosis in the long term.