High-Viscosity Cement Significantly Enhances Uniformity of Cement Filling in Vertebroplasty: An Experimental Model and Study on Cement Leakage

Abstract

High-viscosity cement seems to stabilize cement flow. However, the forces required for the delivery of high-viscosity cement may approach or exceed the human physical limit of injection forces. Although the working time of the cement is about 17 minutes, it may not be manually injectable with a standard syringe and cannula after 10 minutes, at which time cement leakage ceased completely.